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Azali Assoumani

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Azali Assoumani
غزالي عثماني
Assoumani in 2023
President of the Comoros
Incumbent
Assumed office
3 April 2019
Preceded byMoustadroine Abdou (acting)
In office
26 May 2016 – 13 February 2019
Vice PresidentAbdallah Said Sarouma
Djaffar Ahmed Said
Moustadroine Abdou
Preceded byIkililou Dhoinine
Succeeded byMoustadroine Abdou (acting)
In office
26 May 2002 – 26 May 2006
Vice PresidentCaabi El-Yachroutu Mohamed
Rachidi ben Massonde
Preceded byHamada Madi (interim)
Succeeded byAhmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi
President of the Council of State of the Comoros
In office
30 April 1999 – 21 January 2002
Prime MinisterBianrifi Tarmidi
Hamada Madi
Preceded byTadjidine Ben Said Massounde (acting)
Succeeded byHamada Madi (acting)
21st Chairperson of the African Union
In office
18 February 2023 – 17 February 2024
Preceded byMacky Sall
Succeeded byMohamed Ould Ghazouani
Personal details
Born (1959-01-01) 1 January 1959 (age 65)
Mitsoudjé, French Comoros
Political partyConvention for the Renewal of the Comoros
SpouseAmbari Daroueche Assoumani
ProfessionSenior military officer
Signature

Azali Assoumani (Arabic: غزالي عثماني; born 1 January 1959) is a Comorian politician and military officer who has served as the President of the Comoros from 2002 to 2006 and again since 2016, except for a brief period in 2019. He became head of state after staging a coup d'état in 1999 and was elected president in 2002, 2016, 2019 and 2024. He also served as Chairperson of the African Union from February 2023 to February 2024.[1][2]

Early life

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Born in 1959 in Mitsoudjé,[3] French Comoros, Assoumani trained at the Meknes Royal Military Academy in Morocco and the École de Guerre in Paris.[4][5]

Political career

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Assoumani became the President of the Council of State of the Comoros in 1999 after overthrowing interim president Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde in a coup d'état. His troops justified the coup on the basis of protecting territorial integrity after Massounde had begun negotiations with representatives of the island of Anjouan for greater autonomy or independence. This was despite the fact that an international conference in Antananarivo had resulted in a settlement on the matter between the three islands of the Comoros, although the government of Anjouan had delayed ratifying the agreement.

On 23 December 2001, Assoumani's new proposed constitution was adopted by referendum.[6][7] The constitution established a rotating presidency and granted considerable autonomy to the Comorian islands, each of which gained its own basic law, flag and executive branch of government. It also renamed the country from the Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros to the Union of the Comoros and redesigned the national flag to remove its religious inscriptions and become multicolour, as can be seen today.

Assoumani announced elections for 2002, with violent clashes between state forces and the opposition erupting across the country during the campaign.[8] Reports of arbitrary arrests also emerged.[8] Assoumani resigned from his position as President of the Council of State on 21 January 2002, in order to run for President of the Union of the Comoros and was succeeded by Hamada Madi. Assoumani was then elected president with 75% of the vote in the multiparty 2002 Comorian presidential election, and was inaugurated on 26 May 2002.

Assoumani's presidency was marked by conflicts over jurisdiction and political gridlock due to his refusal to devolve power to the autonomous regions of the Comoros, as mandated by the constitution. The latter also required that successive presidents be from different islands, allowing Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi from Anjouan to succeed him after winning the 2006 presidential election.

Assoumani launched a second presidential bid in the 2016 presidential election. In the first round on 21 February, he came third with 14.96% of the vote, before winning the second round with 40.98% of the vote on 10 April.[9][10] However, both Assoumani and his opponent Mohamed Ali Solihi disputed the election result, alleging irregularities and electoral fraud in the second round.[11] Assoumani demanded the invalidation of ballots from most of the polling stations on Anjouan in particular. Consequently, a third round of voting took place on 11 May. The Constitutional Court declared Assoumani the winner with 41.43% of the vote on 15 May, and he took office on 26 May for a five-year term.[12] His first vice-president was Djaffar Ahmed Said, the former attorney-general and director of judicial affairs, who was later replaced by Moustadroine Aboudou from Anjouan and then Abdallah Said Sarouma from Mohéli.

During his tenure, the opposition accused Assoumani of having amended the constitution to remain in power until 2029. In addition, his closing of the Constitutional Court and Anti-Corruption Court caused the European Union to suspend all cooperation with the Comoros in protest.[13]

On 13 February 2019, Assoumani resigned the presidency to campaign for re-election in the 2019 Comorian presidential election on 24 March.[14] He was elected in the first round and assumed office again on 3 April.[15][16]

Assoumani was reelected for another term as president in the 2024 Comorian presidential election.[17] which was marred by allegations of fraud and post-election violence in Moroni.[18] On 7 August 2024, Assoumani granted extensive powers to his son and presumed successor Nour El Fath, allowing him to intervene at several stages of the government decision-making process.[19]

On 13 September 2024, Assoumani was slightly injured after being stabbed at a funeral in Salimani, outside Moroni. The suspect, who was later identified as a 24-year old soldier named Ahmed Abdou, was arrested but was found dead in his prison cell the next day.[20]

Diplomacy

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In 2022, Assoumani was invited by President Paul Biya of Cameroon to open the 2021 Africa Cup of Nations at Olembe Stadium, Yaoundé. On 28 September 2022, on the occasion of the state funeral for Shinzo Abe, Japan's former prime minister, in Tokyo, Assoumani was one of only seven heads of state who met with Japanese Emperor Naruhito.[21] In July 2023, Assoumani, also in his capacity as Chairperson of the African Union, attended the 2023 Russia–Africa Summit in St. Petersburg in which Russian President Vladimir Putin attempted to continue efforts to posture Russia as a more attractive ally to African partner states than Western liberal democracies.[22]

References

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  1. ^ "New African Union chair brings controversial record to top post". AFP. France 24. 18 February 2023. Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 18 February 2023.
  2. ^ "President of Mauritania Elected As New Chairperson of AU". ENA English. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
  3. ^ "Azali Assoumani". 8 August 2022. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022.
  4. ^ "New African Union chair brings controversial record to top post". France 24. 18 February 2023. Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  5. ^ "Comores : Azali Assoumani élu président". BBC News Afrique (in French). 12 May 2016. Archived from the original on 13 May 2016. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  6. ^ Karousos, Manos (1 June 2022). "Azali Assoumani (1959- ) •". Retrieved 23 January 2024.
  7. ^ "Comoros: Planned Constitutional Referendum on Presidential Term Limits Leads to Crisis". Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
  8. ^ a b "COMORES". Amnesty International. Archived from the original on 1 September 2007. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
  9. ^ "Présidentielle aux Comores: les qualifiés pour le second tour connus". RFI (in French). 24 February 2016. Archived from the original on 11 May 2022. Retrieved 11 May 2022.
  10. ^ "Comores: l'ex-putschiste Azali Assoumani élu président". BFMTV (in French). Archived from the original on 30 December 2022. Retrieved 11 May 2022.
  11. ^ "Comores: Mohamed Ali Soilihi et Azali Assoumani ont déposé des recours". RFI (in French). 21 April 2016. Archived from the original on 11 May 2022. Retrieved 11 May 2022.
  12. ^ "Comores: Azali Assoumani élu nouveau président". RFI (in French). 15 May 2016. Archived from the original on 17 February 2021. Retrieved 11 May 2022.
  13. ^ Berthemet, Tanguy (16 November 2018). "Azali Assoumani: " Les Comoriens ne seront jamais illégaux à Mayotte! "". Le Figaro. Archived from the original on 11 May 2022. Retrieved 11 May 2022.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  14. ^ "L'actualité régionale 14 Février". Mayotte la 1ère (in French). 14 February 2019. Archived from the original on 29 May 2022. Retrieved 11 May 2022.
  15. ^ "Elections aux Comores : Azali Assoumani est élu dès le premier tour avec 60,7%". Mayotte la 1ère (in French). 26 March 2019. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 11 May 2022.
  16. ^ "Comores: sitôt réélu, le président reprend ses fonctions sans attendre son investiture". TV5Monde. 4 April 2019. Archived from the original on 5 April 2019. Retrieved 11 May 2022.
  17. ^ "Comoros Court Confirms President's Re-election, Opposition Cries Foul". Barron’s. 24 January 2024. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
  18. ^ "Comoros: 1 dead in post-electoral protests, nighttime curfew in force". Africanews. 19 January 2023. Archived from the original on 19 January 2024. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
  19. ^ "Comoros president grants sweeping new powers to his son". Reuters. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
  20. ^ "Comoros president is 'slightly injured' in knife attack. The suspect is found dead in police cell". Associated Press. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
  21. ^ "Emperor Naruhito, in a rare move, meets with 7 heads of state in one day". Arab News Japan. Archived from the original on 13 October 2022. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
  22. ^ "African leaders leave Russia summit without grain deal or a path to end the war in Ukraine". AP News. 30 July 2023. Archived from the original on 3 September 2023. Retrieved 3 September 2023.
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Political offices
Preceded by President of the Comoros
1999–2002 		Succeeded by
Preceded by President of the Comoros
2002–2006 		Succeeded by
Preceded by President of the Comoros
2016–present 		Incumbent
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